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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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[\u2026].
\u00a0
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\u00a0
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\u00a0
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/strong>: \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \/ \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641: \u0625. \u0623. \u0645\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0641\u061b \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631: \u062f. \u0625. \u00a0\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0641 – \u0642\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646: \u062c\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c 2008<\/em>.


[1]<\/a> \u062a\u064a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a (1865 \u2013 1885)<\/em> \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a.
[2]<\/a> \u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0641 (1847-1911)<\/em> – \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629.
[3]<\/a> \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1890\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a 9 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a.
[4]<\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d.
[5]<\/a> \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (1825-1855).\u00a0
[6]<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u064a (\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u00a0\u0441hapelle<\/em>).
[7]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d (3.272 \u0643\u062c\u0645) (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0637\u0634\u0642\u0646\u062f\u060c 1994 \u2013 \u0635 118-120).
[8]<\/a> \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0646 (1840 -\u061f)\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0641. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a “\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u064f\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1906.
[9]<\/a> \u00a0\u00dbl\u00e2 r\u00fctbesi, r\u00fctbe-i \u00fbl\u00e2<\/em> “\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649” – \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0633\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0641 \u0628.\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a\u060c 1902\u060c \u0635 146). \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627.
[10]<\/a> \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629.
[11]<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0624\u062c\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 (\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627).
[12]<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0632\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a.
[13]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":2297,"template":"","meta":[],"class_list":["post-2302","publications","type-publications","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/igelek.tatar\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publications\/2302","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/igelek.tatar\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publications"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/igelek.tatar\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publications"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/igelek.tatar\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2297"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/igelek.tatar\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2302"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}